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                                <h1 id="&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6307;&#x5357;">&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6307;&#x5357;</h1>
<hr>
<h2 id="&#x5728;-heikin-ashi-&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684;-ohlc-&#x4EF7;&#x683C;">&#x5728; Heikin Ashi &#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684; OHLC &#x4EF7;&#x683C;</h2>
<p>&#x5047;&#x8BBE;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Heikin Ashi &#x56FE;&#x8868;&#xFF08;&#x6216; Renko&#x3001;Kagi&#x3001;PriceBreak &#x7B49;&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5E76;&#x4E14;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5728;&#x4E0A;&#x9762;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x4E86;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Pine &#x811A;&#x672C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Visible OHLC&quot;, overlay=true)
c = close
plot(c)
</code></pre><p>&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x4F1A;&#x770B;&#x5230;&#xFF0C;&#x53D8;&#x91CF; c &#x662F; Heikin Ashi &#x7684;&#x6536;&#x76D8;&#x4EF7;&#xFF0C;&#x4E0E;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x7684; OHLC &#x4EF7;&#x683C;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x6837;&#x3002;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x5185;&#x7F6E;&#x7684; close &#x53D8;&#x91CF;&#x603B;&#x662F;&#x5BF9;&#x5E94;&#x4E8E;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x89C1;&#x67F1;&#x56FE;&#xFF08;&#x6216;&#x8721;&#x70DB;&#x56FE;&#xFF09;&#x7684;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<p>&#x90A3;&#x4E48;&#xFF0C;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x4E0D;&#x662F;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5982;&#x4F55;&#x5728; Pine Script &#x4EE3;&#x7801;&#x4E2D;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x771F;&#x6B63;&#x7684; OHLC &#x4EF7;&#x683C;&#x5462;&#xFF1F;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x5E94;&#x8BE5;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; security &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x548C; tickerid &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x662F;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x4F8B;&#x5B50;:</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Real OHLC&quot;, overlay=true)
t = tickerid(syminfo.prefix, syminfo.ticker)
realC = security(t, timeframe.period, close)
plot(realC)
</code></pre><p>&#x4EE5;&#x7C7B;&#x4F3C;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x5F0F;&#xFF0C;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x5176;&#x4ED6; OHLC &#x4EF7;&#x683C;&#xFF1A;&#x5F00;&#x76D8;&#x4EF7;&#x3001;&#x6700;&#x9AD8;&#x4EF7;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x4F4E;&#x4EF7;&#x3002;</p>
<h2 id="&#x5728;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x975E;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684;-ohlc-&#x503C;">&#x5728;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x83B7;&#x5F97;&#x975E;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x7684; OHLC &#x503C;</h2>
<p>&#x4E0D;&#x5EFA;&#x8BAE;&#x5728;&#x975E;&#x6807;&#x51C6;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#xFF08;&#x5982; Heikin Ashi &#x6216; Renko&#xFF09;&#x4E0A;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x56DE;&#x6D4B;&#xFF0C;&#x56E0;&#x4E3A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E9B;&#x7C7B;&#x578B;&#x7684;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x67F1;&#x56FE;&#x5E76;&#x4E0D;&#x4EE3;&#x8868;&#x4F60;&#x5728;&#x4EA4;&#x6613;&#x4E2D;&#x4F1A;&#x9047;&#x5230;&#x7684;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x4EF7;&#x683C;&#x8FD0;&#x52A8;&#x3002;&#x5982;&#x679C;&#x4F60;&#x60F3;&#x8BA9;&#x4F60;&#x7684;&#x7B56;&#x7565;&#x5728;&#x771F;&#x5B9E;&#x4EF7;&#x683C;&#x4E0A;&#x8FDB;&#x573A;&#x548C;&#x51FA;&#x573A;&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x4ECD;&#x7136;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E; Heikin Ashi &#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#xFF0C;&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x540C;&#x6837;&#x7684;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x5728;&#x666E;&#x901A;&#x8721;&#x70DB;&#x56FE;&#x4E0A;&#x83B7;&#x5F97; Heikin Ashi &#x7684;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#x3002;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
strategy(&quot;BarUpDn Strategy&quot;, overlay=true, default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 10)
maxIdLossPcnt = input(1, &quot;Max Intraday Loss(%)&quot;, type=input.float)
strategy.risk.max_intraday_loss(maxIdLossPcnt, strategy.percent_of_equity)
needTrade() =&gt; close &gt; open and open &gt; close[1] ? 1 : close &lt; open and open &lt; close[1] ? -1 : 0
trade = security(heikinashi(syminfo.tickerid), timeframe.period, needTrade())
if (trade == 1)
    strategy.entry(&quot;BarUp&quot;, strategy.long)
if (trade == -1)
    strategy.entry(&quot;BarDn&quot;, strategy.short)
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x5728;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x7BAD;&#x5934;">&#x5728;&#x56FE;&#x8868;&#x4E0A;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x7BAD;&#x5934;</h2>
<p>&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x5E26;&#x6709; shape.arrowup &#x548C; shape.arrowdown &#x6837;&#x5F0F;&#x7684; plotshape:</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&apos;Ex 1&apos;, overlay=true)
data = close &gt;= open
plotshape(data, color=color.lime, style=shape.arrowup, text=&quot;Buy&quot;)
plotshape(not data, color=color.red, style=shape.arrowdown, text=&quot;Sell&quot;)
</code></pre><p><img src="../img/8a/Buy_sell_chart1.png" alt="&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x56FE;"></p>
<p>&#x4F60;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x5BF9;&#x4EFB;&#x4F55; unicode &#x5B57;&#x7B26;&#x4F7F;&#x7528; plotchar &#x51FD;&#x6570;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&apos;buy/sell arrows&apos;, overlay=true)
data = close &gt;= open
plotchar(data, char=&apos;&#x2193;&apos;, color=color.lime, text=&quot;Buy&quot;)
plotchar(data, char=&apos;&#x2191;&apos;, location=location.belowbar, color=color.red, text=&quot;Sell&quot;)
</code></pre><p><img src="../img/8a/Buy_sell_chart2.png" alt="&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x56FE;"></p>
<h2 id="&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x6C34;&#x5E73;&#x7EBF;">&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x6C34;&#x5E73;&#x7EBF;</h2>
<p>&#x5728; pine &#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x51FD;&#x6570; hline&#x3002;&#x4F46;&#x5B83;&#x73B0;&#x5728;&#x53EA;&#x9650;&#x4E8E;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x5E38;&#x6570;&#x503C;&#x3002;&#x8FD9;&#x91CC;&#x6709;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A; Pine &#x811A;&#x672C;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x52A8;&#x6001;&#x7684; hline &#x7684;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Horizontal line&quot;, overlay=true)
plot(close[10], trackprice=true, offset=-9999)
// trackprice=true plots horizontal line on close[10]
// offset=-9999 hides the plot
plot(close, color=#FFFFFFFF)  // forces to show study
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x5728;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0B;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#x7EBF;">&#x5728;&#x6761;&#x4EF6;&#x4E0B;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x4E00;&#x6761;&#x5782;&#x76F4;&#x7EBF;</h2>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Vertical line&quot;, overlay=true, scale=scale.none)
// scale.none means do not resize the chart to fit this plot
// if the bar being evaluated is the last baron the chart (the most recent bar), then cond is true
cond = barstate.islast
// when cond is true, plot a histogram with a line with height value of 100,000,000,000,000,000,000.00
// (10 to the power of 20)
// when cond is false, plot no numeric value (nothing is plotted)
// use the style of histogram, a vertical bar
plot(cond ? 10e20 : na, style=plot.style_histogram)
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x524D;&#x503C;">&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x524D;&#x503C;</h2>
<pre><code>//@version=4
//...
s = 0.0
s := nz(s[1]) // Accessing previous values
if (condition)
    s := s + 1
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x83B7;&#x53D6;-5-&#x5929;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x70B9;">&#x83B7;&#x53D6; 5 &#x5929;&#x7684;&#x9AD8;&#x70B9;</h2>
<p>&#x4ECE;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x67F1;&#x72B6;&#x56FE;&#x5F80;&#x540E;&#x770B; 5 &#x5929;&#xFF0C;&#x627E;&#x5230;&#x6700;&#x9AD8;&#x7684;&#x67F1;&#x72B6;&#x56FE;&#xFF0C;&#x5728;&#x5F53;&#x524D;&#x67F1;&#x72B6;&#x56FE;&#x4E0A;&#x65B9;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x4E2A;&#x4EF7;&#x683C;&#x6C34;&#x5E73;&#x7ED8;&#x5236;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x661F;&#x5F62;&#x5B57;&#x7B26;</p>
<p><img src="../img/8a/Wiki_howto_range_analysis.png" alt="&#x793A;&#x4F8B;&#x56FE;"></p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Range Analysis&quot;, overlay=true)

// find which bar is 5 days away from the current time
milliseconds_in_5days = 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 5  // millisecs * secs * min * hours * days
// plot(milliseconds_in_5days, title=&quot;ms in 5d&quot;, style=circles) //debug
// subtract timestamp of the bar being examined from the current time
// if value is less than 5 days ago, set variable &quot;leftborder&quot; as true
// this is set true at the bar being examined as the left border of the 5 days lookback window range
leftborder = timenow - time &lt; milliseconds_in_5days  // true or na when false
// plot(leftborder ? 1 : na, title=&quot;bar within leftborder&quot;)  //debug
// plot(time, title=&quot;bartime&quot;) //debug
// plot(timenow - time, title=&quot;timenow minus bartime&quot;)  //debug

// treat the last bar (most recent bar) as the right edge of the lookback window range
rightborder = barstate.islast

// initialize variable &quot;max&quot; as na
max = float(na)

// if bar being examined is not within the lookback window range (i.e., leftborder = false)
// change the variable &quot;max&quot; to be na
// else, test if value of &quot;max&quot; stored in the previous bar is na
// (bcuz first bar being examined in the lookback window will not have a previous value ),
// if it is na, use the high of the current bar,
// else, use the value of &quot;max&quot; stored in the previous bar
max := not leftborder ? na : na(max[1]) ? high : max[1]
// plot(max ? max : na, title=&quot;max b4 compare&quot;)  // debug

// compare high of current bar being examined with previous bar&apos;s high
// if curr bar high is higher than the max bar high in the lookback window range
if high &gt; max  // we have a new high
    max := high  // change variable &quot;max&quot; to use current bar&apos;s high value
    max
// else keep the previous value of max as the high bar within this lookback window range
// plot(max ? max : na, title=&quot;max after compare&quot;)  //debug

// if examining the last bar (newest bar, rightborder is true)
// set variable &quot;val&quot; to the previous value of series variable &quot;max&quot;
// else set to na so nothing is plotted
val = rightborder ? max[1] : na

// if val is true (a number, not na)
// plot character
// since no character is specified, a &quot;star&quot; will be plotted
// location.absolute uses the value of val as the y axis value
// the x axis location will be the last bar (newest bar)
plotchar(val, size=size.normal, location=location.absolute)

// fill the background of the 5 days lookback window range with aqua color
bgcolor(leftborder and not rightborder ? color.aqua : na, transp=70)
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x67F1;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;">&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x67F1;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;</h2>
<p>&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x52A0;&#x8F7D;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x4E2D;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x67F1;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5BF9;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x67F1;&#x6570;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x7075;&#x6D3B;&#x56DE;&#x6EAF;&#x671F;&#x5F88;&#x6709;&#x7528;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;Bar Count&quot;, overlay=true, scale=scale.none)
plot(bar_index + 1, style=plot.style_histogram)
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x679A;&#x4E3E;&#x4E00;&#x5929;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x67F1;">&#x679A;&#x4E3E;&#x4E00;&#x5929;&#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x67F1;</h2>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;My Script&quot;, overlay=true, scale=scale.none)

is_new_day() =&gt;
    d = dayofweek
    na(d[1]) or d != d[1]

plot(barssince(is_new_day()), style=plot.style_cross)
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x9AD8;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x4F4E;&#x503C;">&#x67E5;&#x627E;&#x6574;&#x4E2A;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x96C6;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x9AD8;&#x503C;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x4F4E;&#x503C;</h2>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;My Script&quot;)

biggest(series) =&gt;
    max = 0.0
    max := nz(max[1], series)
    if series &gt; max
        max := series
    max

smallest(series) =&gt;
    min = 0.0
    min := nz(min[1], series)
    if series &lt; min
        min := series
    min

plot(biggest(close), color=color.green)
plot(smallest(close), color=color.red)
</code></pre><h2 id="&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E;-na-&#x503C;">&#x67E5;&#x8BE2;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;&#x975E; na &#x503C;</h2>
<p>&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E0B;&#x9762;&#x7684;&#x811A;&#x672C;&#x6765;&#x907F;&#x514D; series &#x4E2D;&#x7684;&#x7A7A;&#x503C;&#xFF1A;</p>
<pre><code>//@version=4
study(&quot;My Script&quot;)
series = close &gt;= open ? close : na
vw = valuewhen(not na(series), series, 0)
plot(series, style=plot.style_linebr, color=color.red)  // series has na values
plot(vw)  // all na values are replaced with the last non-empty value
</code></pre>
                                
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